Temporal vs BullMQ vs Agenda -- UK Background Job Queue (2026)
BullMQ (Redis-backed) is ClickMasters default for UK background jobs: mature, well-supported, excellent failure handling, and straightforward integration with ElastiCache Redis (eu-west-2) for NHS DTAC data residency. Temporal is right for long-running, multi-step workflows requiring durable execution (NHS DTAC application process automation, FCA KYC multi-step onboarding). Agenda (MongoDB-backed) is legacy for new UK builds. Job queue choice affects NHS DTAC data residency, FCA PS21/3 event processing reliability, and UK GDPR audit trail completeness for background processing.
| Factor | BullMQ (Redis) | Temporal (durable execution) | Agenda (MongoDB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NHS DTAC data residency | BEST -- ElastiCache Redis eu-west-2, VPC private | Temporal Cloud or self-hosted -- DTAC review needed | MongoDB Atlas EU or self-hosted |
| FCA PS21/3 DLQ monitoring | BEST -- BullMQ failed queue + CloudWatch alarm native | Workflow failure monitoring -- good | Less mature monitoring |
| Long-running multi-step workflows | Limited -- job timeout constraints | BEST -- durable execution, survives restarts | Limited -- similar to BullMQ |
| NHS HMRC PAYE monthly batch | BEST -- BullMQ scheduled jobs (cron), progress tracking | Workflow with scheduled start | Agenda scheduled jobs -- adequate |
| FCA SAR filing workflow (multi-step) | Good -- chained jobs | BEST -- durable workflow survives server restarts | Less suitable |
| UK GDPR audit trail | Good -- job history in Redis (TTL configurable) | BEST -- full workflow history, immutable | MongoDB-based -- adequate |
| Developer experience | BEST -- npm, TypeScript, simple API | More complex -- workflow registration, worker setup | Simple but less maintained |
| Infrastructure requirement | ElastiCache Redis (already in stack) | Temporal server (self-hosted) or Temporal Cloud | MongoDB (separate if not in stack) |
| ClickMasters default | All UK background jobs (NHS batch, FCA reporting, emails) | Complex multi-step workflows (onboarding, approvals) | Legacy projects only |
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